Top 100 Countries by Threatened Mammals and Birds

by StatRanker December 12, 2025 1873 41 min read

Top 100 Countries by Endangered Animal Species (IUCN Red List, 2025)

Nature & Biodiversity · WDI/IUCN series · latest available country values

Countries by threatened mammals and birds, 2025

This ranking compares countries by the number of threatened mammal and bird species reported in World Bank WDI series derived from the IUCN Red List and UNEP-WCMC. The combined indicator adds threatened mammals and threatened birds, so the table should be read as a focused mammal-and-bird comparison rather than an all-taxa biodiversity total.

Important interpretation: a high count does not automatically mean a country has the worst conservation policy. Countries with very high biodiversity, island endemism or large tropical habitats can rank high because more species are present and more species are exposed to habitat loss, hunting, invasive species, disease and climate stress.

Indicator usedThreatened mammals + threatened birds

Latest source periodLatest available WDI/IUCN observations used for this ranking

What “threatened” meansSpecies assessed as Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered

What is excludedFish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, plants and other taxa are not part of the ranking table

Top 10 countries by threatened mammals and birds

The top of the ranking is concentrated in large tropical countries and biodiversity-rich island systems. Indonesia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Madagascar combine very high species richness with intense pressure on habitats.

Rank	Country	Threatened mammals + birds
1	Indonesia	373
2	Brazil	274
3	Colombia	218
4	Peru	215
5	Madagascar	206
6	India	191
7	Mexico	182
8	Ecuador	165
9	China	164
10	Philippines	163

Values are whole-species counts. The combined figure is calculated as threatened mammals plus threatened birds.

Chart 1 — Top 20 threatened mammals and birds combined

Indonesia leads the ranking, followed by Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Madagascar, India, Mexico, Ecuador, China and the Philippines.

Next: full table →

Top 100 countries — threatened mammals and birds

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Rows

Rank	Country	Threatened mammals + birds
1	Indonesia	373
2	Brazil	274
3	Colombia	218
4	Peru	215
5	Madagascar	206
6	India	191
7	Mexico	182
8	Ecuador	165
9	China	164
10	Philippines	163
11	Malaysia	135
12	Vietnam	128
13	Papua New Guinea	127
14	Australia	124
15	United States	119
16	Thailand	118
17	Tanzania	116
18	New Zealand	114
19	Myanmar	112
20	South Africa	111
21	Venezuela	108
22	Argentina	101
23	Kenya	97
24	Bolivia	96
25	Cameroon	93
26	Japan	93
27	Sri Lanka	91
28	Russian Federation	81
29	Nepal	79
30	Costa Rica	78
31	Panama	77
32	Uganda	77
33	Bangladesh	76
34	Pakistan	75
35	Ethiopia	74
36	Iran	73
37	Mozambique	72
38	Lao PDR	71
39	Cambodia	70
40	Gabon	69
41	Congo, Rep.	68
42	Angola	67
43	Nigeria	66
44	Chile	65
45	Guatemala	64
46	Nicaragua	63
47	Honduras	62
48	Paraguay	61
49	Cuba	60
50	Dominican Republic	59
51	Namibia	59
52	Jamaica	58
53	Zambia	58
54	Haiti	56
55	Zimbabwe	56
56	Fiji	55
57	Solomon Islands	54
58	Botswana	53
59	Ghana	52
60	Côte d’Ivoire	51
61	Vanuatu	51
62	Liberia	50
63	Guyana	49
64	Sierra Leone	48
65	Guinea	47
66	Senegal	46
67	Morocco	45
68	Egypt	44
69	Suriname	44
70	Turkey	44
71	Greece	43
72	Spain	42
73	Portugal	40
74	France	39
75	Timor-Leste	39
76	Italy	38
77	Algeria	35
78	Samoa	35
79	Trinidad and Tobago	35
80	United Kingdom	35
81	Bhutan	34
82	Canada	34
83	Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	34
84	Germany	33
85	Palau	32
86	Poland	31
87	Romania	31
88	Brunei Darussalam	30
89	Comoros	30
90	Saudi Arabia	30
91	Ukraine	30
92	Bahamas	29
93	Korea, Rep.	29
94	Yemen	29
95	Afghanistan	28
96	Iraq	28
97	Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	27
98	Mongolia	27
99	Israel	26
100	Jordan	24

Source basis: World Bank WDI indicators EN.MAM.THRD.NO and EN.BIR.THRD.NO, derived from the IUCN Red List and UNEP-WCMC. Values are latest available country observations in the current series.

Top 20 split — threatened mammals vs threatened birds

The split helps show whether a country’s combined total is mostly mammal pressure, bird pressure, or both.

Rank	Country	Threatened mammals	Threatened birds
1	Indonesia	212	161
2	Brazil	102	172
3	Colombia	78	140
4	Peru	92	123
5	Madagascar	120	86
6	India	99	92
7	Mexico	100	82
8	Ecuador	61	104
9	China	85	79
10	Philippines	47	116
11	Malaysia	71	64
12	Vietnam	73	55
13	Papua New Guinea	55	72
14	Australia	68	56
15	United States	43	76
16	Thailand	60	58
17	Tanzania	52	64
18	New Zealand	25	89
19	Myanmar	63	49
20	South Africa	55	56

Chart 2 — threatened mammals vs threatened birds

Countries near the upper-right of the chart have high counts for both mammals and birds. Countries above the diagonal have stronger bird pressure; countries to the right have stronger mammal pressure.

Back to table ↑Next: methodology →

Methodology

The ranking uses two World Bank World Development Indicators derived from the IUCN Red List and UNEP-WCMC: EN.MAM.THRD.NO for threatened mammal species and EN.BIR.THRD.NO for threatened bird species. The combined score is the sum of those two counts for each country.

This ranking uses the latest available WDI/IUCN observations in the current series as a 2025 publication snapshot. The source pages show a 2017–2022 range for these country indicators, with the latest values generally ending in 2022. Values are not population-adjusted or land-area-adjusted; this is an absolute species-count ranking.

Limitations: the table covers mammals and birds only. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects and other invertebrates are outside this ranking. Cross-country comparisons are also affected by assessment coverage, monitoring intensity and the fact that birds are assigned to countries within breeding or wintering ranges.

Insights

The upper part of the ranking is dominated by countries with large tropical ecosystems, island endemism or both. Indonesia and Brazil stand out because they combine exceptional species richness with extensive land-use pressure. Colombia and Peru reflect the same Andean-Amazonian pattern: many species, many narrow ranges and major habitat gradients.

The middle of the ranking includes countries where the combined count is driven by one group more than the other. Island and coastal systems often show stronger bird pressure, while large continental forests and savannas can push mammal counts higher. This split matters because the policy response is different: invasive-species control may be decisive for islands, while habitat corridors and anti-poaching enforcement may be more important for large mammals.

What this means for readers

For readers, the ranking is most useful as a map of conservation workload. It helps identify where many threatened mammal and bird species overlap with development pressure, habitat conversion and monitoring needs. It should not be read as a simple league table of environmental failure.

For conservation planning: high-count countries need strong protected-area design, enforcement and habitat connectivity.
For education and media: the table helps explain why biodiversity-rich countries often carry the largest absolute risk burden.
For donors and researchers: mammal-bird splits can help target field surveys, anti-poaching work, wetland protection and invasive-species control.

FAQ

Is this a ranking of all endangered animal species?
No. It is a country ranking based on threatened mammals plus threatened birds. Other animal groups are outside the table.

Why use “threatened” instead of only “endangered”?
The IUCN Red List commonly groups Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered species as threatened. This gives a broader view of extinction risk than the Endangered category alone.

Why do biodiverse countries rank so high?
They have more species overall, including more endemic and narrow-range species. More biodiversity means more species can be exposed to land-use change, hunting, invasive species and climate stress.

Can a country reduce its count quickly?
Usually not. Red List assessments change when species status, evidence and assessment cycles change. Real conservation gains may take years to appear in global indicators.

Sources

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species — definitions and species assessment framework. https://www.iucnredlist.org/
IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria — technical basis for VU, EN and CR categories. https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/categories-and-criteria
World Bank WDI: threatened mammals — EN.MAM.THRD.NO. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.MAM.THRD.NO
World Bank WDI: threatened birds — EN.BIR.THRD.NO. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.BIR.THRD.NO
Our World in Data biodiversity grapher pages — processed IUCN/World Bank metadata and methodological notes. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/threatened-mammal-species

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