Overview of Global Cement Production in 2025
Global Cement Production (2025 edition): where output is concentrated
This page uses the latest full-year global estimates available (2024) and treats “2025” as the edition year. Cement matters because it is the backbone of concrete, and the sector is also one of the hardest industrial areas to decarbonise.
Top 10 cement-producing countries (2024 estimates, USGS list)
Chart: Top 10 cement production (2024, Mt)
- China — 1,900 Mt
- India — 450 Mt
- Vietnam — 110 Mt
- United States — 86 Mt
- Turkey — 82 Mt
- Iran — 72 Mt
- Brazil — 68 Mt
- Indonesia — 65 Mt
- Russia — 65 Mt
- Korea, Rep. — 52 Mt
Note: The USGS “World Production and Capacity” table lists selected countries separately; remaining output is grouped as “Other countries”.
Production + clinker capacity (USGS country list)
Cement output is not the same as kiln capacity. A country can have high clinker capacity but lower cement production, depending on utilisation, downtime, demand cycles, and blending strategies.
| Country | Cement 2023 (Mt) | Cement 2024 (Mt) | Δ 2024 vs 2023 | Clinker cap. 2024 (Mt) | Share of world 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 2,000 | 1,900 | −5.0% | 1,900 | 47.5% |
| India | 420 | 450 | +7.1% | 380 | 11.3% |
| Vietnam | 110 | 110 | 0.0% | 110 | 2.8% |
| United States (incl. Puerto Rico) | 90 | 86 | −4.4% | 100 | 2.2% |
| Turkey | 81 | 82 | +1.2% | 92 | 2.1% |
| Iran | 71 | 72 | +1.4% | 85 | 1.8% |
| Brazil | 67 | 68 | +1.5% | 60 | 1.7% |
| Indonesia | 67 | 65 | −3.0% | 79 | 1.6% |
| Russia | 63 | 65 | +3.2% | 80 | 1.6% |
| Korea, Republic of | 51 | 52 | +2.0% | 62 | 1.3% |
| Egypt | 52 | 50 | −3.8% | 60 | 1.3% |
| Saudi Arabia | 49 | 50 | +2.0% | 75 | 1.3% |
| Mexico | 48 | 48 | 0.0% | 42 | 1.2% |
| Japan | 48 | 46 | −4.2% | 50 | 1.2% |
| Other countries (rounded) | 850 | 860 | +1.2% | 650 | 21.5% |
| World total (rounded) | 4,100 | 4,000 | −2.4% | 3,800 | 100% |
Chart: Cement production vs clinker capacity (2024, Mt — selected countries)
Methodology, insights, and what this means
Methodology (how the ranking is built)
Indicator: Cement production (million tonnes, “Mt”), with context from clinker capacity.
Latest full-year data used: 2024 estimates (USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025).
- Source table: USGS “World Production and Capacity” (cement production and clinker capacity for selected countries + “Other countries” + world total).
- Ranking rule: countries are sorted by cement production (2024) among those listed individually by USGS.
- Shares: country share of world = (country 2024 cement production ÷ world 2024 total) × 100.
- Rounding: USGS values and world total are rounded; shares are approximate.
- Key limitation: the USGS table does not provide a full country list; many producers are included inside “Other countries”. This is why you see a “Top 10 (USGS list)” rather than a full “Top 100”.
Insights (what the numbers say)
1) Global output is highly concentrated. China alone is ~47.5% of estimated 2024 world production, while the next largest producer (India) is ~11%. This concentration matters because global cycles (construction, real estate, infrastructure budgets) can move the world total.
2) 2024 was slightly lower than 2023 in the USGS world estimate. The rounded world total falls from ~4.1B tonnes (2023) to ~4.0B tonnes (2024). That pattern is consistent with the idea that a slowdown in one mega-market can outweigh growth in several smaller markets.
3) Capacity is a “pressure gauge”. Several markets show clinker capacity at or above production. When demand weakens, that gap tends to show up as lower utilisation, price pressure, or higher export push (where logistics allow).
4) Decarbonisation is no longer optional. Cement is widely cited as a major global CO₂ source, and the sector is under increasing policy and procurement pressure. Expect the 2025–2030 period to be shaped by clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and early carbon capture projects.
What this means for the reader (interpretation & context)
If you track construction costs, supply chains, or industrial policy, cement is a “local product with global signals”: most cement is consumed near where it’s produced, but the global leaders set technology, equipment, and decarbonisation direction.
- For builders & developers: the biggest risk drivers are energy prices, kiln utilisation, and regulation (especially emissions and dust controls).
- For policymakers: clinker capacity, import reliance, and public procurement standards (e.g., low-carbon concrete rules) influence resilience and emissions.
- For analysts/investors: watch the clinker-to-cement ratio (more substitutes = lower emissions intensity), and the speed of CCS rollout in “hard-to-abate” plants.
FAQ (plain-language questions)
Why does “2025” use 2024 data?
Is clinker capacity the same as cement production?
Why isn’t there a Top 100 countries list here?
Why is cement trade smaller than you’d expect?
Does decarbonisation mean cement will get much more expensive?
What should I watch in 2025–2030?
Sources (official / primary)
- USGS — Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025: Cement (2-page chapter, world production & capacity table)
- USGS — Cement Statistics and Information (NMIC hub)
- International Energy Agency (IEA) — Cement: sector tracking & decarbonisation pathways
- Eurostat Data Browser — Cement clinker (sold production, exports, imports)
Additional context (industry + reporting)
- EU cement trade snapshots compiled from Eurostat (CEMBUREAU trade PDFs) can help interpret EU import/export corridors when you need quick visuals.
