Global Coffee Production in 2025: Major Producers, Exporters, and Market Trends
Global coffee production (2025 snapshot using 2024/25 season, 60-kg bags)
Coffee supply remains concentrated: the latest harmonized global balance sheet puts world production at 175.3 million 60-kg bags in 2024/25, with a 178.8 million forecast for 2025/26. Brazil alone accounts for about 37.1% of output, while Vietnam remains the key Robusta origin.
Data note: the “2025” view uses the 2024/25 coffee season published in USDA FAS Coffee: World Markets and Trade (Dec 2025). Marketing years differ by country; values here are shown in million 60-kg bags.
Top 10 coffee producers (2024/25)
- Production (2024/25)65m bags
- World share37.08%
- YoY vs 2023/24−2.0%
- Region / varietyAmericas • Mixed
- Production (2024/25)29m bags
- World share16.54%
- YoY vs 2023/24+5.3%
- Region / varietyAsia • Robusta
- Production (2024/25)14.8m bags
- World share8.44%
- YoY vs 2023/24+16.0%
- Region / varietyAmericas • Arabica
- Production (2024/25)11.1m bags
- World share6.34%
- YoY vs 2023/24+21.8%
- Region / varietyAfrica • Arabica
- Production (2024/25)10.7m bags
- World share6.10%
- YoY vs 2023/24+31.3%
- Region / varietyAsia • Mixed
- Production (2024/25)6.7m bags
- World share3.82%
- YoY vs 2023/24+4.7%
- Region / varietyAfrica • Robusta
- Production (2024/25)6.2m bags
- World share3.54%
- YoY vs 2023/24−5.5%
- Region / varietyAsia • Mixed
- Production (2024/25)5m bags
- World share2.85%
- YoY vs 2023/24−1.0%
- Region / varietyAmericas • Arabica
- Production (2024/25)3.87m bags
- World share2.21%
- YoY vs 2023/24+0.4%
- Region / varietyAmericas • Arabica
- Production (2024/25)3.7m bags
- World share2.11%
- YoY vs 2023/24−5.4%
- Region / varietyAmericas • Arabica
Table: Top producers vs bean exports
| Rank | Country | Production (m bags) | Bean exports (m bags) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 65 | 41 |
| 2 | Vietnam | 29 | 22.35 |
| 3 | Colombia | 14.8 | 12.2 |
| 4 | Ethiopia | 11.13 | 7.42 |
| 5 | Indonesia | 10.65 | 6.14 |
| 6 | Uganda | 6.7 | 6.35 |
| 7 | India | 6.2 | 3.71 |
| 8 | Honduras | 5 | 4.77 |
| 9 | Mexico | 3.87 | — |
| 10 | Peru | 3.7 | 3.44 |
Chart: Top 20 producers (production, 2024/25)
- Brazil: 65 million bags
- Vietnam: 29 million bags
- Colombia: 14.8 million bags
- Ethiopia: 11.13 million bags
- Indonesia: 10.65 million bags
- Uganda: 6.7 million bags
- India: 6.2 million bags
- Honduras: 5 million bags
- Mexico: 3.87 million bags
- Peru: 3.7 million bags
- Guatemala: 3.2 million bags
- Nicaragua: 2.56 million bags
- China: 1.9 million bags
- Malaysia: 1.4 million bags
- Tanzania: 1.35 million bags
- Costa Rica: 1.3 million bags
- Kenya: 1 million bags
- Papua New Guinea: 0.84 million bags
- Cote d'Ivoire: 0.65 million bags
- Thailand: 0.9 million bags
Methodology (how the “2025” snapshot is built)
Coffee is typically reported by marketing year, not calendar year. To keep countries comparable, this page uses the consolidated global balance sheet (USDA FAS), which aligns each origin to its respective marketing year and expresses volumes in 60-kg bags. Because official series are published with a lag, 2024/25 is treated as the practical “2025 snapshot,” while 2025/26 is included as a forward-looking forecast.
“Bean exports” refer to green coffee shipments. Roasted and soluble products can be converted to green-bean equivalents in the USDA framework using standard conversion factors. Key limitations: marketing years differ across origins; revisions can occur when post-harvest surveys are updated; and value comparisons require separate price and quality series.
What stands out in 2025
- Concentration stays extreme: Brazil + Vietnam account for more than half of global output in 2024/25.
- Robusta’s role rises: Robusta is about 42.8% of world production in 2024/25, supporting instant coffee and blend economics.
- Recovery is uneven: several origins show strong YoY gains (notably Indonesia), while others are flat or down due to weather and plant-cycle effects.
- Trade is hub-driven: the European Union and the United States are the largest import markets in the USDA balance sheet, shaping logistics and differentials.
What this means for readers
For consumers and cafés, price swings are often driven by weather and yields in a few top origins rather than broad “global demand” headlines. For roasters and importers, the mix of Arabica vs Robusta matters: tighter Arabica supply can widen differentials, while abundant Robusta can ease blend costs. For investors and policymakers, the key signal is the combination of consumption growth and tight inventories, which can amplify volatility after climate shocks.
FAQ (coffee production & trade)
Why is Brazil so dominant in coffee production?
Brazil combines scale, diversified growing regions, modern agronomy, and a mix of Arabica and Robusta that serves both specialty and industrial segments.
Arabica vs Robusta: what’s the economic difference?
Arabica typically commands higher prices due to flavor and specialty demand, while Robusta is valued for higher yields and its role in instant coffee and espresso blends.
Why do coffee statistics use “60-kg bags” instead of tons?
This is the standard unit in the global trade. Using one unit makes it easier to compare production, exports, and inventories across origins and product forms.
Do exports equal production for a country?
No. Exports reflect domestic consumption, stock changes, logistics, and policy. Some producers export most output, while others keep more volume for domestic use.
How much do marketing-year differences matter?
They matter for short-term comparisons. The USDA balance sheet aligns each origin to its marketing year to reduce double-counting and keep global totals consistent.
Can prices rise even when global production increases?
Yes. Prices reflect quality, location-specific shortages, inventories, and logistics, not just the headline production total.
Is climate change already affecting rankings?
Increasing heat and rainfall volatility raises yield risk and accelerates adaptation (irrigation, new varieties, and in some regions a shift toward more resilient Robusta).
Major coffee producers: interactive table (2024/25)
Default view shows Top 20 producers by 2024/25 output. Use search, sort, filters, or switch units to share of world production. Global total for this table: 175.316 million 60-kg bags (USDA FAS balance sheet).
| Rank | Country | Production (2024/25) | YoY |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brazil | 65 | −2.0% |
| 2 | Vietnam | 29 | +5.3% |
| 3 | Colombia | 14.8 | +16.0% |
| 4 | Ethiopia | 11.13 | +21.9% |
| 5 | Indonesia | 10.65 | +30.7% |
| 6 | Uganda | 6.7 | +4.7% |
| 7 | India | 6.2 | −5.5% |
| 8 | Honduras | 5 | −1.0% |
| 9 | Mexico | 3.87 | +0.4% |
| 10 | Peru | 3.7 | −5.4% |
| 11 | Guatemala | 3.2 | −7.6% |
| 12 | Nicaragua | 2.56 | +9.1% |
| 13 | China | 1.9 | +5.6% |
| 14 | Malaysia | 1.4 | +5.3% |
| 15 | Tanzania | 1.35 | 0.0% |
| 16 | Costa Rica | 1.3 | +12.1% |
| 17 | Kenya | 1 | +21.2% |
| 18 | Papua New Guinea | 0.84 | −14.3% |
| 19 | Thailand | 0.9 | +20.0% |
| 20 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.65 | −50.9% |
| 21 | El Salvador | 0.45 | −25.5% |
| 22 | Venezuela | 0.5 | 0.0% |
| 23 | Philippines | 0.45 | 0.0% |
| 24 | Laos | 0.43 | +4.9% |
| 25 | Ecuador | 0.35 | −4.1% |
Scatter: production vs bean exports (2024/25)
This chart places major origins by output (x-axis) and green-bean exports (y-axis). Points closer to the diagonal tend to export a larger share of production, while points below it have higher domestic use or stock changes.
- Brazil: production 65m, bean exports 41m
- Vietnam: production 29m, bean exports 22.35m
- Colombia: production 14.8m, bean exports 12.2m
- Indonesia: production 10.65m, bean exports 6.14m
- Ethiopia: production 11.13m, bean exports 7.42m
- Uganda: production 6.7m, bean exports 6.35m
- Honduras: production 5m, bean exports 4.77m
- Peru: production 3.7m, bean exports 3.44m
- India: production 6.2m, bean exports 3.71m
- Guatemala: production 3.2m, bean exports 2.86m
How to interpret the 2025 coffee landscape
The global coffee market is best understood as a system dominated by a handful of origins and a few large import/roasting hubs. In the USDA balance sheet, a shock in Brazil or Vietnam can move the global price structure because these origins sit at the center of two different segments: Brazil is the largest supplier overall (with both Arabica and Robusta), while Vietnam is the backbone of industrial Robusta supply.
A useful way to read the ranking is to separate capacity (production) from market reach (exports). Export-heavy origins tend to transmit weather shocks quickly into international prices, while origins with larger domestic use can buffer short-term volatility through stocks and consumption adjustments. The scatter chart in Part 2 visualizes this relationship for origins with both production and bean-export totals in the same summary table.
Market trends that mattered in 2025
- Inventory tightness amplifies volatility: even with rising production, global stocks can remain constrained, making prices react more to disruptions.
- Robusta becomes more strategic: growth in soluble coffee and blending economics increases the importance of reliable Robusta supply from Asia and parts of Africa.
- Weather risk is now a structural variable: rainfall timing, heat stress, and disease pressure increasingly affect yields and quality premiums, not just total volume.
- Value-added trade stays important: some countries export large volumes of green beans, while others specialize in roasting or soluble processing and re-exporting in green-bean equivalents.
Policy & business takeaways
- Resilience investments pay off: irrigation, shade management, pruning cycles, and improved plant material can reduce yield volatility.
- Quality + traceability are becoming “table stakes”: compliance and documentation requirements in major markets increasingly affect market access and differentials.
- Risk management is a cost, not a luxury: producers and roasters that use inventory buffers, hedging, or longer-term contracts tend to smooth the impact of weather-driven supply shocks.
- Diversification reduces single-origin risk: from a buyer perspective, balancing Arabica and Robusta exposure across multiple origins helps manage both price and quality risk.
Data notes & limitations
- Marketing years differ by country. The USDA balance sheet aligns each origin to its marketing year for comparability in global totals.
- Units are 60-kg bags. When roasted or soluble exports are expressed in “green-bean equivalents,” they rely on standard conversion factors.
- Revisions happen. Post-harvest surveys, stock estimates, and trade revisions can update historical values; treat small year-to-year changes as provisional.
- Quality is not captured in volume rankings. A country can be small in bags but highly influential in specialty markets through price premiums and reputation.
