Top 10 Barley Producing Countries in 2025

Barley, one of the world’s oldest cultivated grains, remains a cornerstone of global agriculture due to its versatility in animal feed, human consumption, and malting for the brewing and distilling industries. In 2025, global barley production is projected to reach approximately 145.7 million metric tons, driven by demand for beer, whiskey, and livestock feed, particularly in regions with growing populations and expanding meat industries. This article examines the top 10 barley producing countries in 2025, providing detailed insights into their production volumes, agricultural practices, and contributions to the global market. Supported by statistical data, expert quotes, and visual aids, this analysis provides a professional perspective on the current landscape of the barley industry.

1. European Union (EU-27)

The European Union dominates global barley production, with estimated production of 47.5 million metric tons in 2023/24, a figure expected to remain stable through 2025. Major contributors within the EU include France (12 million tons), Germany (10 million tons), and Spain (7 million tons). The EU’s success is due to a favorable climate, advanced farming technologies, and supportive agricultural policies such as subsidies under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). About 70% of EU barley is used for animal feed, while 25% goes to malting for beer production, supporting major brewers such as Heineken and Carlsberg.

“The EU barley sector benefits from a robust combination of policy support and technological innovation, ensuring consistent yields even in the face of climate challenges.” – Dr. Maria Schmidt, Agricultural Economist, University of Bonn.

2. Russia

Russia ranks second in the world, producing an estimated 20.5 million metric tons of barley in 2025. Regions such as Siberia and the Southern Federal District account for the majority of production, taking advantage of vast arable land and modernized farming practices. Russia’s barley is primarily used for animal feed (60%) and malting (30%), with large companies such as AgroHolding and Rusagro driving production. Russia is also a leading exporter, supplying markets in the Middle East and Asia.

“Russia’s strategic investments in agriculture have positioned it as a global barley powerhouse, with exports playing a critical role in food security.” – Alexei Ivanov, Director, Russian Grain Union.

3. Australia

Australia’s barley production is forecast at 10.8 million tons in 2025, down from 14.1 million tons in 2022/23 due to drought risks. The country’s dry climate and advanced irrigation systems allow for high-quality barley production, particularly in Western Australia and Victoria. Companies such as GrainCorp and CBH Group focus on sustainable practices to combat climate variability. Australia exports more than 60% of its barley, mainly to China and Saudi Arabia.

4. CANADA

Canada produces approximately 9.9 million metric tons of barley in 2025, concentrated in the prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Canadian barley is known for its malting quality, with 40% used in the brewing industry, led by companies such as Molson Coors. Cargill and Richardson International ensure a consistent supply chain for both domestic and export markets, including the U.S. and Asia.

5. The Ukraine

Despite ongoing geopolitical challenges, Ukraine’s barley production is estimated to reach 8 million tons in 2025. Fertile black soils and modern farming techniques in regions such as Kherson and Zaporizhzhia support production. Companies such as MHP and Kernel Group dominate the sector, exporting significant volumes to Europe and the Middle East. Ukraine’s resilience in maintaining agricultural production underscores its importance in global markets.

6. Turkey

Turkey produces about 7.4 million tons of barley in 2025, used primarily for animal feed (80%) and food products such as bulgur. The temperate climate of the Anatolian Plateau supports cultivation, although water scarcity is a challenge. Government programs to promote drought-resistant varieties have boosted yields, and Turkey also imports barley to meet domestic demand.

7. United Kingdom

The UK will contribute around 7.3 million metric tons to global barley production in 2025. The country’s expertise in malting, driven by companies such as Crisp Malting Group and Muntons, supports its brewing industry, including brands such as Guinness. The Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) provides research and support to improve yields.

8. Argentina

Argentina’s barley production is projected at 5.3 million metric tons in 2025, concentrated in the Pampas region. The country focuses on malting barley for export to South American breweries, with companies such as Cargill leading the market. Argentina’s favorable soil and climate make it a reliable supplier despite occasional weather fluctuations.

9. United States

The United States produces about 3.7 million tons of barley in 2025, primarily in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota. About 50% is used for malting, supporting craft breweries and major brands such as Anheuser-Busch. The U.S. also exports barley to Mexico and Japan, although it ranks lower globally due to smaller acreage.

10. Denmark

Denmark rounds out the top 10 with an estimated 4.1 million tons in 2025. High yields (over 5 t/ha) are driven by advanced farming practices and fertile soils. Danish barley is mainly used for malting, supporting Carlsberg’s brewing operations. The country’s focus on sustainability enhances its global reputation.

KKey Insights: Barley Production Trends

• Climate Impacts: Drought and water scarcity challenge production in Australia and Turkey, prompting investment in resilient varieties.
• Export Dynamics: Australia, Russia, and Ukraine are the top exporters, while China and Saudi Arabia are the top importers.
• Sustainability: Countries such as Canada and Denmark prioritize environmentally friendly practices that reduce environmental impact.

Table 1: Top 10 Barley Producing Countries in 2025